Diodes and Special-Purpose Devices
PhysicsGrade 12ICSE
LO1: Interpret the V-I characteristics of a junction diode in forward and reverse bias. · LO2: Explain a diode's use as a half-wave and a full-wave rectifier.
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Semiconductors and Energy Bands
PhysicsGrade 12ICSE
LO1: Distinguish conductors, insulators, and semiconductors using energy-band theory. · LO2: Distinguish intrinsic from extrinsic semiconductors, and p-type from n-type doping.
Sign up to practise →Nuclear Physics
PhysicsGrade 12ICSE
LO1: Define isotopes, isobars, and isotones, and calculate mass defect and binding energy per nucleon. · LO2: Interpret the binding-energy-per-nucleon versus mass-number graph to explain nuclear stability, fission, and fusion.
Sign up to practise →Atomic Structure
PhysicsGrade 12ICSE
LO1: Describe Rutherford's alpha-scattering experiment and the resulting nuclear atomic model. · LO2: State Bohr's postulates and derive expressions for orbital radius, velocity, and energy of an electron in hydrogen.
Sign up to practise →Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter
PhysicsGrade 12ICSE
LO1: Explain the photoelectric effect and Einstein's photoelectric equation, including threshold frequency and work function. · LO2: Determine Planck's constant from the stopping-potential-versus-frequency graph.
Sign up to practise →Wave Optics: Interference and Diffraction
PhysicsGrade 12ICSE
LO1: State Huygens' principle and use it to prove the laws of reflection and refraction. · LO2: Derive the fringe-width expression for Young's double-slit experiment and state conditions for sustained interference.
Sign up to practise →Prisms and Optical Instruments
PhysicsGrade 12ICSE
LO1: Derive the relation between refractive index, prism angle, and angle of minimum deviation, and explain dispersion. · LO2: Derive the magnifying power of a simple and a compound microscope.
Sign up to practise →Reflection, Refraction and Lenses
PhysicsGrade 12ICSE
LO1: Derive the mirror formula for spherical mirrors and calculate magnification. · LO2: Apply Snell's law and total internal reflection to explain optical fibres and totally reflecting prisms.
Sign up to practise →Electromagnetic Waves
PhysicsGrade 12ICSE
LO1: Explain displacement current and its role in generalizing Ampere's law. · LO2: Describe the characteristics of electromagnetic waves, including their transverse nature.
Sign up to practise →AC Power and Generators
PhysicsGrade 12ICSE
LO1: Calculate average AC power via the power factor and explain wattless current. · LO2: Explain the principle, construction, and working of an AC generator.
Sign up to practise →Alternating Current Circuits
PhysicsGrade 12ICSE
LO1: Calculate peak, mean, and RMS values of a sinusoidal AC quantity. · LO2: Analyze phase relationships between voltage and current in pure resistive, inductive, and capacitive circuits using phasor diagrams.
Sign up to practise →Electromagnetic Induction
PhysicsGrade 12ICSE
LO1: State Faraday's and Lenz's laws and calculate motional emf. · LO2: Explain self- and mutual induction and calculate the coefficient of self and mutual inductance for solenoids.
Sign up to practise →Magnetism and Matter
PhysicsGrade 12ICSE
LO1: Describe a current loop as a magnetic dipole and calculate its dipole moment. · LO2: Describe the magnetic field due to a bar magnet on its axial and equatorial lines.
Sign up to practise →Magnetic Effects of Current
PhysicsGrade 12ICSE
LO1: State the Biot-Savart law and apply it to find the magnetic field at the centre of, and on the axis of, a circular current loop. · LO2: State Ampere's circuital law and apply it to find the field due to a long straight wire and a solenoid.
Sign up to practise →Kirchhoff's Laws and Potentiometer
PhysicsGrade 12ICSE
LO1: State Kirchhoff's current and voltage laws and apply them to simple DC circuits. · LO2: Derive the Wheatstone bridge balance condition and explain the metre bridge's use to find unknown resistance.
Sign up to practise →Current, Resistance and Cells
PhysicsGrade 12ICSE
LO1: Explain the mechanism of current flow via drift velocity and relate current to drift velocity, electron density, and area. · LO2: State Ohm's law and derive resistivity and conductivity in terms of drift velocity, including temperature dependence.
Sign up to practise →Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance
PhysicsGrade 12ICSE
LO1: Calculate electric potential due to a point charge, a dipole, and a system of charges, and relate potential to field. · LO2: Derive the potential energy of a system of point charges and of a dipole in a uniform field.
Sign up to practise →Electric Charges, Fields and Gauss's Law
PhysicsGrade 12ICSE
LO1: State Coulomb's law and the superposition principle for a system of point charges. · LO2: Calculate the electric field due to a point charge, a system of charges, and an electric dipole at axial and equatorial points.
Sign up to practise →Wave Motion
PhysicsGrade 11ICSE
LO1: Distinguish transverse and longitudinal waves and derive the relation between wave speed, frequency, and wavelength. · LO2: Apply superposition to explain standing waves in strings and organ pipes.
Sign up to practise →Oscillations
PhysicsGrade 11ICSE
LO1: Define simple harmonic motion and relate it to uniform circular motion. · LO2: Derive the time period of a simple pendulum and of a mass-spring system.
Sign up to practise →Kinetic Theory of Gases
PhysicsGrade 11ICSE
LO1: State the postulates of kinetic theory and derive the expression for gas pressure. · LO2: Relate the kinetic energy of gas molecules to absolute temperature.
Sign up to practise →Thermodynamics
PhysicsGrade 11ICSE
LO1: State the zeroth and first laws of thermodynamics and apply the first law to isothermal and adiabatic processes. · LO2: Distinguish the two principal specific heat capacities of an ideal gas and relate them via Mayer's relation.
Sign up to practise →Surface Tension and Thermal Properties
PhysicsGrade 11ICSE
LO1: Explain surface tension and surface energy and calculate excess pressure inside a drop or bubble. · LO2: Calculate capillary rise given surface tension, angle of contact, and tube radius.
Sign up to practise →Fluid Mechanics
PhysicsGrade 11ICSE
LO1: Apply Pascal's law and calculate fluid pressure at depth, accounting for gravity. · LO2: Apply Bernoulli's theorem to explain the lift of an aerofoil and flow through a constriction.
Sign up to practise →Elasticity
PhysicsGrade 11ICSE
LO1: Define stress and strain, and state Hooke's law within the elastic limit. · LO2: Calculate Young's modulus, bulk modulus, and modulus of rigidity from stress-strain data.
Sign up to practise →Gravitation
PhysicsGrade 11ICSE
LO1: State Kepler's three laws of planetary motion and Newton's universal law of gravitation. · LO2: Derive the variation of acceleration due to gravity with altitude and with depth.
Sign up to practise →Moment of Inertia and Rotational Dynamics
PhysicsGrade 11ICSE
LO1: Calculate the moment of inertia of standard rigid bodies using the parallel- and perpendicular-axis theorems. · LO2: Apply the rotational analogue of Newton's second law to solve dynamics problems.
Sign up to practise →Centre of Mass and Rotational Kinematics
PhysicsGrade 11ICSE
LO1: Locate the centre of mass of a two-particle system and of simple symmetric rigid bodies. · LO2: Define torque and angular momentum as cross products and relate torque to the rate of change of angular momentum.
Sign up to practise →Power and Collisions
PhysicsGrade 11ICSE
LO1: Calculate instantaneous and average power for a given force/velocity scenario. · LO2: Analyze elastic and perfectly inelastic collisions in one dimension using conservation of momentum and energy.
Sign up to practise →Work and Energy
PhysicsGrade 11ICSE
LO1: Calculate work done by a constant force and by a variable force via the work-energy theorem. · LO2: Distinguish kinetic and potential energy, and apply conservation of mechanical energy.
Sign up to practise →Friction and Circular Dynamics
PhysicsGrade 11ICSE
LO1: Distinguish static, kinetic, and rolling friction, and apply the laws of friction to solve problems. · LO2: Derive the maximum safe speed for a vehicle on a level road and on a banked road.
Sign up to practise →Newton's Laws and Momentum
PhysicsGrade 11ICSE
LO1: State and apply Newton's first, second, and third laws of motion to systems of connected bodies. · LO2: State and apply the law of conservation of linear momentum, including impulse-momentum relationships.
Sign up to practise →Vectors and Motion in a Plane
PhysicsGrade 11ICSE
LO1: Perform vector addition, subtraction, and resolution into rectangular components. · LO2: Derive the trajectory, time of flight, maximum height, and range of a projectile launched at an angle.
Sign up to practise →Motion in a Straight Line
PhysicsGrade 11ICSE
LO1: Differentiate distance/displacement and speed/velocity, and interpret position-time and velocity-time graphs. · LO2: Derive the three equations of uniformly accelerated motion using the graphical method.
Sign up to practise →Errors and Significant Figures
PhysicsGrade 11ICSE
LO1: Distinguish between accuracy and precision, and classify errors as systematic or random. · LO2: Calculate absolute, relative, and percentage error, and propagate error through sums, differences, products, and quotients.
Sign up to practise →Physical World and Units of Measurement
PhysicsGrade 11ICSE
LO1: Describe the scope of physics and its relationship to technology and society. · LO2: State the seven SI base units and identify derived units for common physical quantities.
Sign up to practise →Biomolecules — Part 3
ChemistryGrade 12ICSE
LO1: Classify vitamins and describe deficiency diseases associated with each. · LO2: Explain the structure and biological role of DNA and RNA.
Sign up to practise →Biomolecules — Part 2
ChemistryGrade 12ICSE
LO1: Describe amino acids and the formation of the peptide bond. · LO2: Explain the primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structure of proteins.
Sign up to practise →Biomolecules — Part 1
ChemistryGrade 12ICSE
LO1: Classify carbohydrates as monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides. · LO2: Explain the structure of glucose and fructose and distinguish reducing from non-reducing sugars.
Sign up to practise →Organic Compounds Containing Nitrogen — Part 2
ChemistryGrade 12ICSE
LO1: Explain the preparation and synthetic importance of diazonium salts, including coupling reactions. · LO2: Distinguish cyanides and isocyanides by structure and reactivity.
Sign up to practise →Organic Compounds Containing Nitrogen — Part 1
ChemistryGrade 12ICSE
LO1: Name and prepare aliphatic and aromatic amines. · LO2: Explain the basicity of amines and factors affecting it.
Sign up to practise →Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids — Part 3
ChemistryGrade 12ICSE
LO1: Name and prepare carboxylic acids. · LO2: Explain the acidic strength of carboxylic acids and the effect of substituents on it.
Sign up to practise →Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids — Part 2
ChemistryGrade 12ICSE
LO1: Explain the mechanism of nucleophilic addition reactions of aldehydes and ketones. · LO2: Describe condensation, oxidation, and reduction reactions, including aldol and Cannizzaro reactions.
Sign up to practise →Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids — Part 1
ChemistryGrade 12ICSE
LO1: Name and prepare aldehydes and ketones by standard methods. · LO2: Distinguish aldehydes from ketones using chemical tests.
Sign up to practise →Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers — Part 3
ChemistryGrade 12ICSE
LO1: Name and prepare ethers via Williamson's synthesis. · LO2: Explain the reactions and physical properties of ethers.
Sign up to practise →Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers — Part 2
ChemistryGrade 12ICSE
LO1: Explain the acidic character of phenols and the factors affecting it. · LO2: Describe electrophilic substitution reactions of phenols and Kolbe's reaction.
Sign up to practise →Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers — Part 1
ChemistryGrade 12ICSE
LO1: Name and prepare primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols. · LO2: Explain dehydration and esterification reactions of alcohols.
Sign up to practise →Haloalkanes and Haloarenes — Part 2
ChemistryGrade 12ICSE
LO1: Explain the low reactivity of haloarenes toward nucleophilic substitution. · LO2: Describe elimination reactions of haloalkanes.
Sign up to practise →Haloalkanes and Haloarenes — Part 1
ChemistryGrade 12ICSE
LO1: Name and prepare haloalkanes. · LO2: Explain the mechanism of nucleophilic substitution reactions, including SN1 and SN2, in haloalkanes and the factors affecting them.
Sign up to practise →Coordination Compounds — Part 3
ChemistryGrade 12ICSE
LO1: Explain the bonding in coordination compounds using valence bond theory and crystal field theory. · LO2: Relate crystal field theory to colour and magnetic properties of complexes.
Sign up to practise →Coordination Compounds — Part 2
ChemistryGrade 12ICSE
LO1: Identify and distinguish structural isomerism and stereoisomerism, including geometrical and optical isomerism, in coordination compounds.
Sign up to practise →Coordination Compounds — Part 1
ChemistryGrade 12ICSE
LO1: Apply IUPAC nomenclature rules to coordination compounds. · LO2: Explain Werner's theory of coordination and define ligands, coordination number, and coordination sphere.
Sign up to practise →d- and f-Block Elements — Part 3
ChemistryGrade 12ICSE
LO1: Explain lanthanoid contraction and its consequences. · LO2: Compare the general properties of lanthanoids and actinoids.
Sign up to practise →d- and f-Block Elements — Part 2
ChemistryGrade 12ICSE
LO1: Describe the preparation, properties, and oxidizing action of potassium permanganate and potassium dichromate.
Sign up to practise →d- and f-Block Elements — Part 1
ChemistryGrade 12ICSE
LO1: Explain the general electronic configuration and trends of the 3d transition series, including variable oxidation states, catalytic behaviour, colour, and magnetic properties.
Sign up to practise →Chemical Kinetics — Part 2
ChemistryGrade 12ICSE
LO1: Explain the collision theory of reaction rates. · LO2: Apply the Arrhenius equation to calculate activation energy from rate-temperature data.
Sign up to practise →Chemical Kinetics — Part 1
ChemistryGrade 12ICSE
LO1: Define rate of reaction and express it in terms of rate laws. · LO2: Determine order and molecularity of a reaction from experimental or rate data.
Sign up to practise →Electrochemistry — Part 3
ChemistryGrade 12ICSE
LO1: Define molar and equivalent conductivity and explain their variation with concentration using Kohlrausch's law. · LO2: Describe the working principle of common batteries, including the dry cell, lead storage battery, and fuel cells.
Sign up to practise →Electrochemistry — Part 2
ChemistryGrade 12ICSE
LO1: Apply the Nernst equation to calculate cell EMF under non-standard conditions. · LO2: Explain the process of electrolysis and apply Faraday's laws of electrolysis to numerical problems.
Sign up to practise →Electrochemistry — Part 1
ChemistryGrade 12ICSE
LO1: Describe the construction and working of a galvanic cell and represent it using standard cell notation. · LO2: Calculate standard electrode potential and predict feasibility of redox reactions using the electrochemical series.
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