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Learn to write any rational number as p over q and why q cannot be zero, find as many rationals between two numbers as you like, tell rational from irrational, and build root 2 and root 3 on the number line.
Read articleLearn how place value turns ten symbols into every number, the rules for arithmetic with zero and negative numbers, integer calculations set in temperature and debt, and how to order integers on the number line.
Read articleLearn to model a real situation as a linear polynomial, plot its graph from a table of values, compare how the coefficient controls steepness, and read answers straight off a graph.
Read articleLearn to identify a linear polynomial and state its degree, evaluate it and find its zero, turn a growing pattern into an expression in n, and read the rate of change off a table of values.
Read articleLearn to derive the distance between two points from a right triangle, apply the distance formula, classify a triangle from its side lengths, and find an unknown coordinate from a given distance.
Read articleLearn to plot an ordered pair and name its quadrant, read coordinates off a graph, use the sign pattern to reflect a point in either axis, and turn a street map into coordinates.
Read articleLearn the processes of the water cycle, how photosynthesis and respiration link the carbon and oxygen cycles, how nitrogen-fixing bacteria make nitrogen usable, and how human activity unbalances all three.
Read articleLearn how uneven heating makes air rise and sink to produce wind, why land and sea breezes reverse between day and night, how the planetary winds relate to pressure belts, and what ocean currents do to coastal climates.
Read articleLearn why a spherical Earth is heated unevenly, what happens to sunlight when it is reflected, absorbed and re-radiated, how latitude sets the intensity received, and how the greenhouse effect keeps heat in.
Read articleLearn how adaptations arise from habitat demands, the order of the taxonomic categories from kingdom to species, the rules for writing a scientific name, and what fossils show about evolution.
Read articleLearn why the two-kingdom system failed and the five-kingdom system replaced it, the characters of Monera and Protista, how fungi differ from plants, and how animals are divided by symmetry and notochord.
Read articleLearn why India's varied habitats make it a biodiversity hotspot, how variation accumulating over generations produced that diversity, which criteria group organisms, and why classification is necessary.
Read articleLearn the changes at puberty and what reproductive maturity means, the parts of the human reproductive systems, the sequence from fertilisation to birth, and the menstrual cycle with methods of protection.
Read articleLearn how external and internal fertilisation differ, what separates oviparous from viviparous animals, why some animals have thousands of young and others only one, and why variation matters.
Read articleLearn how meiosis creates variation, the parts of a flower and their functions, how self-pollination differs from cross-pollination, and how an ovule becomes a seed and an ovary a fruit.
Read articleLearn the modes of asexual reproduction with their examples, how vegetative propagation works from roots, stems and leaves, why the offspring are clones, and what that costs a species.
Read articleLearn the laws of reflection of sound, how to calculate echo distances and the minimum distance for a distinct echo, how halls are treated for reverberation, and how ultrasound is used.
Read articleLearn how a sound wave carries energy without moving matter, how to read compressions and wavelength off a graph, how to use speed equals frequency times wavelength, and what sets pitch and loudness.
Read articleLearn how vibrating objects produce sound, how the bell jar experiment proves a medium is needed, how compressions and rarefactions carry the wave, and how longitudinal differs from transverse.
Read articleLearn how ionic and covalent compounds differ in melting point, solubility and conductivity, how to identify which is which from observations, and how to calculate molecular and formula unit mass.
Read articleLearn covalent bonding as shared electron pairs, ionic bonding as transferred electrons, and how to write the formula of any compound by criss-crossing valencies, including polyatomic ions.
Read articleLearn to verify the law of conservation of mass from reaction data, apply the law of constant proportions to find combining masses, and see which postulates of Dalton's theory explain each law.
Read articleLearn the Bohr-Bury rules for filling shells, how to read valency from the outermost shell, how isotopes differ from isobars, and how to calculate an average atomic mass from abundances.
Read articleLearn why a third particle was needed inside the nucleus, the charges and masses of the three subatomic particles, where element symbols come from, and how to count protons, neutrons and electrons.
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